DIFFERENCE BETWEN "TELL" AND "SAY"

The word 'say' refers to the action of using words to convey some instruction, information, opinions or thoughts. The word 'tell' refers to giving some kind of instruction or information to someone specific, in speech or writing.

General rule on verbal conjugations-REGLAS GENERALES SOBRE CONJUGACIONES

https://conrderuido.com/rderuido/el-patio-de-mi-recreo-y-el-cambio-climatico/

Conjugación de verbos españoles TOMADO DE REVERSO.COM (https://www.reverso.net/traducci%C3%B3n-texto)

In the Spanish conjugator you can introduce verbs in infinitive, such as "comer", "jugar"... and conjugated forms, such as "quería", "tuvo", "escribiste". 

The conjugator recognizes pronominal ("find", "get angry") and negative forms in infinitive ("not knowing"). You can also consult a list of Spanish verbs with double participle by clicking on the tab "Verbs with double participle". The regular participle is used with the auxiliary "to have" or "to be" to form compound times, while the irregular participle is usually used as an adjective (alone, or with the auxiliary "to be" and "to have").   The conjugator uses conjugation rules following verbs with double participle and models. You can click on the corresponding tab to find out more. 

The conjugator allows you to conjugate any verb, provided its ending matches that of an existing model. It can be an imaginary or badly written verb, but also recent verbs that have not yet been added to our conjugation tables, such as: intonation, vaping, wasapear.

TRASLATE: SPANISH

En el conjugador español puede introducir verbos en infinitivo, como “comer” , “jugar”… y formas conjugadas, como “quería”, “tuvo”, “escribiste”. 

El conjugador reconoce las formas pronominales (“encontrarse”, “enojarse”) y negativas en infinitivo (“no saber”). Además puede consultar una lista de verbos españoles con doble participio haciendo clic en la pestaña “Verbos con doble participio”. El participio regular se utiliza con los auxiliares “haber” o “ser” para formar tiempos compuestos, mientras que el participio irregular generalmente se utiliza como adjetivo (solo, o con los auxiliares “estar” y “tener”).   El conjugador utiliza reglas de conjugación siguiendo verbos con doble participio y modelos. Puede pinchar en la pestaña correspondiente para saber más. 

El conjugador le permite conjugar cualquier verbo, siempre que su terminación coincida con la de un modelo existente. Puede ser un verbo imaginario o mal escrito, pero también verbos recientes que aún no han sido agregados a nuestras tablas de conjugación, como: entocar, vapear, wasapear.

Gaza Aid Halted in Egypt as Israeli Air Strikes Continue (Detienen ayuda de Gaza en Egipto mientras continúan los ataques aéreos israelíes)

Emergency aid for Gaza was being held up at a border crossing in Egypt Monday as Israel continued to launch air strikes into the Palestinian-ruled territory. Egyptian officials said Israel has not cooperated in recent days with efforts to get large aid shipments into Gaza from a crossing in Rafah, Egypt. On Friday, Israel began ordering Palestinians to leave Gaza City and surrounding areas in the north, telling them to head to the south. Israeli officials say the order was issued ahead of a planned military ground campaign against forces of Palestinian ruler Hamas. Hamas militants have built major military bases in the north. Israel’s expected ground offensive there is expected to center on killing Hamas leaders, recovering captives, and destroying the group's military equipment, The Associated Press (AP) reported.

More than a million people had already fled their homes in northern Gaza in preparation for a ground invasion. Israel has continued to attack positions in Gaza after Hamas launched a major military operation into southern Israel on October 7. Israeli airstrikes have destroyed whole neighborhoods as Palestinian militants continued firing rockets into Israel. Israeli officials say more than 1,400 Israelis – including many civilians – have died in the conflict. Health ministry officials in Gaza say at least 2,750 Palestinians have been killed and 9,700 injured since the Hamas attacks began. Israel controls the other two crossing points into Gaza. But it has declared a "complete siege" of the coastal Palestinian territory. This means Israel has cut off food, water, fuel and electricity supplies to the area.

Gaza has been under a joint Israeli-Egyptian blockade ever since Hamas seized control of the territory in 2007. The blockade closely controls movements of goods and people into Gaza. Mediators have pressed in recent days for a cease-fire that would permit the waiting aid to enter, as well as give foreigners a chance to leave Gaza. The AP reported Egypt's foreign minister as saying Israel “has not taken a position to open the crossing from the Gaza side.” The Israeli government did not immediately answer a request from AP for comment. In Gaza, Palestinians crowded hospitals and schools Monday seeking shelter as food, water and medicine remained in short supply.

Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians sheltering in U.N. centers are getting less than 1 liter of water per day, the AP reported. Hospitals warned of operations nearing collapse because of power and fuel shortages. The World Health Organization (WHO) said it was concerned about disease spread linked to mass displacements and poor water quality. Four hospitals in northern Gaza are no longer operating and 21 had received Israeli orders to close. Many doctors have so far refused, saying it would mean death for critically ill patients and people receiving breathing assistance. I’m Bryan Lynn. The Associated Press, Reuters and Agence France-Presse reported this story. Bryan Lynn adapted the reports for VOA Learning English.

LISTADO DE VERBOS IRREGULARES: PRESENTE-PASADO Y PARTICIPIO PASADO(PRESENT-PAST SIMPLE-PAST PARTICIPLE)

Los verbos irregulares más importantes 

Infinitive            Simple  past                     Past participle                           Español 

Arise                  Arose                               arisen                                         Surgir

Awake               Awakened / Awoke           Awakened / Awoken                  Despertarse 

Be                     Was / Were                        Been                                          Ser/Estar 

Bear                  Bore                                  Borne / Born                              Soportar 

Beat                  Beat                                   Beaten                                         Golpear 

Become            Became                             Become                                      Llegar a ser 

Begin                Began                                Begun                                         Empezar 

Bend                 Bent                                   Bent                                             Doblar 

Bet                    Bet/Betted                         Bet/Betted                                   Apostar 

Bid                    Bid / Bade                          Bidden                                         Rogar,desear 

Bid                    Bid                                     Bid                                               Pujar 

Bind                   Bound                               Bound                                          Atar 

Bite                    Bit                                     Bitten                                           Morder 

Bleed                 Bled                                   Bled                                             Sangrar 

Blow                 Blew                                   Blown                                          Soplar 

Break                Broke                                  Broken                                         Romper 

Breed                Bred                                    Bred                                             Criar 

Bring                Brought                               Brought                                        Traer 

Broadcast         Broadcast / Broadcasted     Broadcast / Broadcasted              Transmitir 

Browbeat       Browbeat                             Browbeaten / Browbeat                Intimidar 

Build              Built                                     Built                                              Construir 

Burn               Burned / Burnt                     Burned / Burnt                               Quemar 

Burst              Burst                                     Burst                                              Estallar,reventar 

Buy                Bought                                  Bought                                          Comprar 

Cast               Cast                                      Cast                                                Arrojar                             Catch             Caught                                 Caught                                            Atrapar 

Choose           Chose                                  Chosen                                          Elegir 

Cling               Clung                                   Clung                                             Adherirse 

Come              Came                                    Come                                             Venir 

Cost                Cost                                      Cost                                                Costar 

Creep              Crept                                    Crept                                              Arrastrarse 

Cut                  Cut                                       Cut                                                 Cortar 

Deal Dealt Dealt Tratar Dig Dug Dug Cavar Disprove Disproved Disproved / Disproven Refutar Do Did Done Hacer Draw Drew Drawn Dibujar Dream Dreamt/ Dreamed Dreamt/ Dreamed Soñar Drink Drank Drunk Beber Drive Drove Driven Conducir Eat Ate Eaten Comer Fall Fell Fallen Caer Feed Fed Fed Alimentar Feel Felt Felt Sentir Fight Fought Fought Pelear Find Found Found Encontrar Flee Fled Fled Huir Fly Flew Flown Volar Forbid Forbade Forbidden Prohibir Forecast Forecast Forecast Pronosticar (el tiempo)< Forget Forgot Forgotten Olvidar Forgive Forgave Forgiven Perdonar Forsake Forsook Forsaken Abandonar Freeze Froze Frozen Congelar Get Got Got/ Gotten Obtener Give Gave Given Dar Go Went Gone Ir Grind Ground Ground Moler Grow Grew Grown Crecer Hang Hung Hung Colgar Have Had Had Tener Hear Heard Heard Oír Hide Hid Hidden Esconderse Hit Hit Hit Golpear Hold Held Held Mantener Hurt Hurt Hurt Herir Input Input/ Inputted Input/ Inputted Entrar (datos) Keep Kept Kept Guardar Kneel Knelt Knelt Arrodillarse Knit Knitted / Knit Knitted/ Knit Tejer, tricotar Know Knew Known Saber Lay Laid Laid Poner Lead Led Led Guiar Lean Leaned/ Leant Leaned/ Leant Apoyarse Leap Leaped/ Leapt Leaped/ Leapt Saltar Learn Learnt/ Learned Learnt/ Learned Aprender Leave Left Left Dejar Lend Lent Lent Prestar Let Let Let Permitir Lie Lay Lain Acostarse, tenderse Lie (regular) Lied Lied Mentir Light Lit/ Lighted Lit/ Lighted Encender Lose Lost Lost Perder Make Made Made Hacer Mean Meant Meant Significar, querer decir Meet Met Met Encontrarse Mistake Mistook Mistaken Equivocarse/confundir Overcome Overcame Overcome Superar Pay Paid Paid Pagar Plead Pleaded/ Pled Pleaded/ Pled Alegar Preset Preset Preset Programar Prove Proved Proven/ Proved Probar, demostrar Put Put Put Poner Quit Quit/ Quitted Quit/ Quitted Abandonar Read Read Read Leer Reset Reset Reset Reajustar, restaurar Rewind Rewound Rewound Rebobinar Ride Rode Ridden Montar Ring Rang Rung Sonar, llamar por teléfono Rise Rose Risen Elevar Run Ran Run Correr Say Said Said Decir See Saw Seen Ver Sell Sold Sold Vender Send Sent Sent Enviar Set Set Set Poner, colocar Sew Sewed Sewn/ Sewed Coser Shake Shook Shaken Sacudir< Shave Shaved Shaved/ Shaven Afeitarse Shear Sheared sheared/shorn Esquilar Shine Shone Shone Brillar Shoot Shot Shot Disparar Show Showed Shown/ Showed Mostrar Shrink Shrank/ Shrunk Shrunk Encoger Shut Shut Shut Cerrar Sing Sang Sung Cantar Sink Sank Sunk Hundir Sit Sat Sat Sentarse Sleep Slept Slept Dormir Slide Slid Slid Deslizar Smell Smelled/ Smelt Smelled/ Smelt Oler Sow Sowed Sown/ Sowed Sembrar Speak Spoke Spoken Hablar Speed Sped/ Speeded Sped/ Speeded Acelerar Spell Spelt/ Spelled Spelt/ Spelled Deletrear Spend Spent Spent Gastar Spill Spilt/ Spilled Spilt/ Spilled Derramar Spin Spun Spun Girar, hilar Spit Spit/ Spat Spit/ Spat Escupir Split Split Split Partir Spoil Spoilt/ Spoiled Spoilt/ Spoiled Estropear Spread Spread Spread Extenderse Stand Stood Stood Estar de pie Steal Stole Stolen Robar Stick Stuck Stuck Pegar Stink Stank/ Stunk Stunk Apestar Strew Strewed Strewn/ Strewed Esparcir Strike Struck Struck/ Stricken Golpear Swear Swore Sworn Jurar Sweat Sweat/ Sweated Sweat/ Sweated Sudar Sweep Swept Swept Barrer Swim Swam Swum Nadar Take Took Taken Tomar Teach Taught Taught Enseñar Tear Tore Torn Rasgar Telecast Telecast Telecast Televisar Tell Told Told Decir Think Thought Thought Pensar Throw Threw Thrown Lanzar Tread Trod Trodden/ Trod Pisar Understand Understood Understood Entender Undo Undid Undone Deshacer Unfreeze Unfroze Unfrozen Descongelar Wake Woke Woken Despertarse Wear Wore Worn Llevar puesto Weave Wove Woven Tejer Wed Wed/ Wedded Wed/ Wedded Casarse Weep Wept Wept Llorar Win Won Won Ganar Wring Wrung Wrung Retorcer Write Wrote Written Escribir Repasa los verbos con clases de ingles en Superprof. Ejercicios con verbos irregulares Elige la opción correcta entre el simple past o el past perfect. 1 My father to high school. 2 The sun suddenly on a cloudy day. 3 The tickets were out. 4 He the gardening last weekend. 5 The toaster down this morning.

SI TE GUSTA EL INGLÉS, AQUÍ TE PODEMOS COMPARTIR ESTE VÍDEO PUBLICADO EN YOUTU BE.COM

PUEDES ENCONTRAR ESTAS CLASES ENTRANDO A ESTE LINK PUBLICADO EN YOUTU BE.COM https://youtu.be/K7U6nfgtq4I APRENDE INGLÉS 5 FRASES AL DÍA

Cómo vamos con el inglés? How much do you know about English?

APRENDE INGLÉS... LENTO Y FÁCIL... SI TE GUSTA, PUEDES ENTRAR A YOU TU CON ESTE VÍNCULO Y SUSCRIBIRTE https://youtu.be/bvOML_2aeAc

QUÉ ES INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL- CON BING - DE MICROSOFT GPT-4

QUÉ ES INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL?

RISE UP BY STEFANY ZABALETA- COLOMBIA

 

  https://www.letras.com/andra-day/rise-up/ 

RISE UP

You’re broken down and tired 

Of living life on a merry-go-round 

And you can’t find the fighter 

But I see it in you, so we gonna walk it out 

And move mountains 

We gonna walk it out 

And move mountains 

And I'll rise up 

I'll rise like the day, I'll rise up 

I'll rise unafraid, I'll rise up 

And I'll do it a thousand times again 

And I'll rise up 

High like the waves, I'll rise up 

In spite of the ache, I'll rise up 

And I'll do it a thousands times again 

For you 

When the silence isn't quiet 

And it feels like it's getting hard to breathe 

And I know you feel like dying 

But I promise we'll take the world to its feet 

And move mountains 

Bring it to it's feet 

And move mountains 

And I'll rise up 

I'll rise like the day, I'll rise up 

I'll rise unafraid, I'll rise up 

And I'll do it a thousand times again 

For you 

 All we need 

All we need is hope 

And for that we have each other 

And for that we have each other

 

And we will rise, we will rise 

We'll rise, we'll rise 

I'll rise up 

Rise like the day, 

I'll rise up In spite of the ache 

I will rise a thousands times again 

And we'll rise up 

High like the waves, we'll rise up 

In spite of the ache, we'll rise up 

And we'll do it a thousands times again 

For you 

And I'll rise up 

I'll rise like the day, I'll rise up 

I'll rise unafraid, I'll rise up 

And I'll do it a thousand times again 

And I'll rise up 

I'll rise like the day, I'll rise up 

I'll rise unafraid, I'll rise up 

And I'll do it a thousand times again 

 Traducción Agregar a la playlist Tamaño A A Cifrado Imprimir Corregir Compuesta por: Andra Day / Jennifer Decilveo. ¿Los datos están equivocados? Avísanos. Enviada por Júnior y traducida por Javier. Subtitulado por Raquel y más 4 personas. Revisiones por 5 personas . ¿Viste algún error? Envíanos una revisión. 

EN ESPAÑOL 

 You’re broken down and tired                        Estás descompuesto y cansado 

Of living life on a merry-go-round                 De vivir la vida en un carrusel 

And you can’t find the fighter                         Y no puedes encontrar al luchador 

But I see it in you, so we gonna walk it out    Pero lo veo en ti, así que vamos a salir 

And move mountains                                      Y mover montañas

We gonna walk it out                                      Vamos a salir caminando 

And move mountains                                      Y mover montañas 

And I'll rise up                                                 Y me levantaré 

I'll rise like the day, I'll rise up                         Me levantaré como el día, me levantaré 

I'll rise unafraid, I'll rise up                             Me levantaré sin miedo, me levantaré 

And I'll do it a thousand times again              Y lo haré mil veces de nuevo 

And I'll rise up                                                Y nos levantaremos

High like the waves, I'll rise up                      Alto como las olas, nos levantaremos In spite of the ache, I'll rise up                                                        A pesar del dolor, nos levantaremos 

And I'll do it a thousands times again             Y lo haremos miles de veces de nuevo 

For you Por ti When the silence isn't quiet     Cuando el silencio no es silencioso 

And it feels like it's getting hard to breathe    Y se siente como si se estuviera haciendo difícil respirar And I know you feel like dying                      Y sé que tienes ganas de morir But I promise we'll take the world to its feet                                                Pero te prometo que llevaremos al mundo a sus pies 

And move mountains                                      mover montañas 

Bring it to it's feet                                            Tráelo a sus pies 

And move mountains                                      Y mover montañas 

And I'll rise up                                                 Y me levantaré 

I'll rise like the day, I'll rise up                        Me levantaré como el día, me levantaré 

I'll rise unafraid, I'll rise up                             Me levantaré sin miedo, me levantaré 

And I'll do it a thousand times again              Me levantaré sin miedo, me levantaré 

For you                                                            Por ti 

All we need                                                     Todo lo que necesitamos 

All we need is hope                                        Todo lo que necesitamos es esperanza 

And for that we have each other                     Y para eso nos tenemos el uno al otro

And for that we have each other                    Y para eso nos tenemos el uno al otro

And we will rise, we will rise                        Y Nos levantaremos, nos levantaremos 

We'll rise, we'll rise                                         Nos levantaremos, nos levantaremos 

I'll rise up                                                        Me levantaré 

Rise like the day, I'll rise up                           Levántate como el día, me levantaré 

In spite of the ache                                         Me levantaré sin miedo, me levantaré I will rise a thousands times again                                    Me levantaré miles de veces de nuevo 

And we'll rise up                                           Y nos levantaremos 

High like the waves, we'll rise up                 Alto como las olas, nos levantaremos 

In spite of the ache, we'll rise up                  A pesar del dolor, nos levantaremos 

And we'll do it a thousands times again       Y lo haremos miles de veces de nuevo 

For you                                                         Por ti 

And I'll rise up                                             Y me levantaré 

I'll rise like the day, I'll rise up                     Me levantaré como el día, me levantaré 

I'll rise unafraid, I'll rise up                          Me levantaré sin miedo, me levantaré 

And I'll do it a thousand times again            Y lo haré mil veces de nuevo 

And I'll rise up                                              Y me levantaré 

I'll rise like the day, I'll rise up                     Me levantaré como el día, me levantaré 

I'll rise unafraid, I'll rise up                          Me levantaré sin miedo, me levantaré 

And I'll do it a thousand times again           Y lo haré mil veces de nuevo 

 Levantarse Estás descompuesto y cansado De vivir la vida en un carrusel Y no puedes encontrar al luchador Pero lo veo en ti, así que vamos a salir Y mover montañas Vamos a salir caminando Y mover montañas Y me levantaré Me levantaré como el día, me levantaré Me levantaré sin miedo, me levantaré Y lo haré mil veces de nuevo Y nos levantaremos Alto como las olas, nos levantaremos A pesar del dolor, nos levantaremos Y lo haremos miles de veces de nuevo Por ti Cuando el silencio no es silencioso Y se siente como si se estuviera haciendo difícil respirar Y sé que tienes ganas de morir Pero te prometo que llevaremos al mundo a sus pies Y mover montañas Tráelo a sus pies Y mover montañas Y me levantaré Me levantaré como el día, me levantaré Me levantaré sin miedo, me levantaré Y lo haré mil veces de nuevo Por ti Todo lo que necesitamos Todo lo que necesitamos es esperanza Y para eso nos tenemos el uno al otro Y para eso nos tenemos el uno al otro Nos levantaremos, nos levantaremos Nos levantaremos, nos levantaremos Me levantaré Levántate como el día, me levantaré A pesar del dolor Me levantaré miles de veces de nuevo Y nos levantaremos Alto como las olas, nos levantaremos A pesar del dolor, nos levantaremos Y lo haremos miles de veces de nuevo Por ti Y me levantaré Me levantaré como el día, me levantaré Me levantaré sin miedo, me levantaré Y lo haré mil veces de nuevo Y me levantaré Me levantaré como el día, me levantaré Me levantaré sin miedo, me levantaré Y lo haré mil veces de nuevo Original Agregar a la playlist Tamaño A A Cifrado Imprimir Corregir Compuesta por: Andra Day / Jennifer Decilveo. ¿Los datos están equivocados? Avísanos. Enviada por Júnior y traducida por Javier. Subtitulado por Raquel y más 4 personas. Revisiones por 5 personas . ¿Viste algún error? Envíanos una revisión.

In Ukraine, Dam Collapse Has Long-term Effects

https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/in-ukraine-dam-collapse-has-long-term-effects/7135839.html?ltflags=mailer

Houses are seen underwater and polluted by oil in a flooded neighbourhood in Kherson, Ukraine, Saturday, June 10, 2023. (AP Photo)

The destruction of the Kakhovka Dam in Ukraine caused widespread flooding and might cause long-term environmental damage. 

ACRÓSTICO- CANCIÓN DE SHAKIRA EN EL DÍA DE LA MADRE

 UNA MADRE DEDICA A SUS POLLUELOS ESTA CANCIÓN

TOMADA DE YOUTU BE.COM VIDEO OFICIAL DEL CANAL DE SHAKIRA

Chinese Explorer Finds Signs of Recent Water on Mars

 Chinese Explorer Finds Signs of Recent Water on Mars

A new study suggests water may have existed on Mars much more recently than past evidence has shown. 

The research is based on data collected by China’s Zhurong explorer vehicle. The explorer, or rover, arrived on the planet in 2021. 

Evidence of surface water was found in warmer areas of Mars that might have been fertile enough to support conditions for life, the researchers said. A study reporting the results was recently published in Science Advances. 

 A scientific team from China’s Institute of Geology and Geophysics led the research. The institute is part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 

Today, Mars has a cold, desert climate. But past studies have provided evidence that ancient Mars had large amounts of water. This is believed to have included rivers, lakes and oceans. A 2015 study by the American space agency NASA suggested that 4.3 billion years ago, Mars likely had an ocean covering nearly half of the planet’s northern hemisphere. 

There are different theories for what caused large amounts of water to disappear from Mars. The most likely explanation is that the liquid escaped when the planet’s atmosphere thinned over time, NASA explains. This let the water evaporate, turning the Martian surface into a frozen desert. The space agency estimates the evaporation happened about 3 billion years ago. 

In the new study, researchers said the Chinese rover observed salt-rich sand dunes on the surface. The dunes contained breaks, crusts and small hills. The team said these landforms provide evidence that land had frozen and then melted in the areas studied. The melting could have happened as recently as a few hundred thousand years ago, the study said. 

The rover’s observations were made in an area called Utopia Planitia, a large flat area, called a plain, in Mars’s northern hemisphere. The researchers said they believe the dunes were likely formed sometime after 1.4 million to 400,000 years ago, possibly even more recently. Conditions during that period were likely similar to how things are on Mars today. 

Xiaoguang Qin is with the Institute of Geology and Geophysics and was a co-writer of the study. He told The Associated Press (AP), "We think it could be a small amount...no more than a film of water on the surface".

The rover did not directly observe water in the form of frost or ice. But Qin said computer modeling and observations by other spacecraft on Mars suggest that even today, at some times of the year, conditions could be right for water to appear. 

Planetary scientist Frederic Schmidt is with the University of Paris-Saclay. He was not part of the study. But he said he finds the results notable because they demonstrate how young the dunes are. “This is clearly a new piece of science” for the area, Schmidt told the AP. 

The researchers said they believe small openings filled with salty water were created by melting frost or snow. This likely resulted in the small cracks, hard crusty material and other surface changes observed by the rover. The team ruled out wind as a cause, as well as frost made of carbon dioxide, which makes up most of the Martian atmosphere. 

The rover has now provided “evidence that there may be a wider distribution of this process on Mars than previously identified,” said Mary Bourke. She is an expert in Mars geology at Trinity College Dublin in Ireland. She added that although the evidence suggests small amounts of water, it could still be important in identifying environments that could support life. 

The findings were reported days after China confirmed its Zhurong rover has yet to wake up since going into hibernation for the Martian winter nearly a year ago. Chinese space officials have said the rover’s solar equipment is likely covered with dust, blocking the sun and cutting power to the explorer. 

Before it went silent, Zhurong had explored the Martian surface for 358 days and traveled 1,921 meters, space officials said. This was far longer than the rover’s planned three-month operation, officials added.

I’m Bryan Lynn. 

Bryan Lynn wrote this story for VOA Learning English, based on reports from The Associated Press, Reuters, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Advances.

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Quiz - Chinese Explorer Finds Signs of Recent Water on Mars

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Words in This Story

evaporate – v. when liquid changes from a solid state into a gas or vapor

dune – n. a hill of sand

crust – n. a hard, dry layer on the surface of something

frost – n. a thin, white layer of ice that forms on surfaces, especially at night when it is cold

distribute – v. to give something out to people or places

hibernate – v. to go into a sleeping state for a period of time

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Plant a Tree That Will Last for Many Years

 Plant a Tree That Will Last for Many Years (voanews.com)

This image provided by Bugwood.org shows a street lined with sugar maple trees (Acer saccharum), the state trees of West Virginia. (John Ruter/University of Georgia/Bugwood.org via AP)

This time of year, in the U.S., many people are thinking about their gardens and getting their land ready for warmer weather.

Some people are thinking about planting flowers. Others want to plant trees.

For those who love trees, there is a national day for tree planting, called Arbor Day. Arbor Day is observed on the last Friday in April. However, some states pick their own Arbor Day depending on their climate. The aim is to have the observance on the best day of the year to plant a tree.

When thinking about trees, remember that they will usually live many years longer than the people who plant them.

One gardening expert who spoke to the Associated Press says it is important to make good choices today if you are considering planting trees for tomorrow.

Daniel Herms is an insect expert who centers his research on how trees respond to stress. He works for Davey Tree Expert Co., a landscaping business in the Midwestern state of Ohio. The company creates and cares for gardens, lawns and properties.

“Things are changing faster than the lifespan of trees,” he said.

That means the weather and the kinds of insects that live in an area today – may be different in 20 or 30 years. However, many trees can live for 50 years or more.

That means people who plant trees today have to think about the results of their choices tomorrow.

Herms said some trees will thrive and some will not over the next 20 or 30 years “depending on the traits that make them adapt to the changing climate.”

So, how do you choose a good tree?

One way to do it might be to choose the “state” tree where you live. However, Herms said, some state trees no longer thrive in their own states.

This image provided by Bugwood.org shows a group of coastal redwood trees (Sequoia sempervirens), one of two species designated as state trees of California. (Brian Lockhart/USDA Forest Service/Bugwood.org via AP)

For example, the state trees of California are the very large redwoods and sequoias. They are two of the largest and tallest trees in the world.

However, the trees grew that way along the Northern California coast because of the moisture in the air that comes from the ocean. The wet air is called fog. Herms said there is less fog along the coast of California because of climate change. In the future, the sequoias and redwoods may not grow as well, he warned.

Other state trees are in the same situation. Herms said they could do well in other places, but they are not certain to live long lives in their “home” states. They include the blue spruce of Colorado, the Western white pine of Idaho, the Eastern white pine of Maine and West Virginia’s sugar maple.

But if you have a tree growing on your land that is now vulnerable, Herms said it is not necessary to remove it. You just have to take care of it.

A flowering tree in a park in Nebraska, the state where Arbor Day got its start over 100 years ago. (AP Photo/Nati Harnik)

“In most cases, it can continue to grow…with a proactive healthcare program,” Herms said. Proactive means making sure conditions are good for the growth and health of the tree. That includes giving the tree proper water if it is drier where you live today than when you planted the tree. In addition, you can add nutrients to the soil to make sure the tree stays healthy. A trained arborist – a person who knows how to care for trees – can help.

People are concerned about keeping trees healthy not only because they look good when they grow. Trees produce oxygen, they provide shade and cooling during hot weather, and they reduce water runoff. Runoff is water that comes during storms that is not absorbed into the ground.

Herms said that trees also trap carbon, “so they can contribute to climate goals.” In fact, trees need carbon dioxide to grow.

Even if you do not live in the U.S., you can still join in celebrating trees. If you are thinking of planting a tree this year, Herms suggests choosing a tree that will do well even if your area gets a little bit warmer as the tree grows. Check with a local college or university if you need some help finding this information. If your city has an arboretum, a place that grows and cares for trees, there is likely someone there who can help.

Here is some basic information about planting trees. First, dig a hole as deep and twice as large as the tree’s root ball. Then add a generous amount of compost as extra material into the soil as you fill the hole. Water the tree for at least its first three years. Herms said young trees need at least 2.5 centimeters of water each week. That can come from rain or extra water you provide.

I’m Dan Friedell.

Dan Friedell adapted this story for Learning English based on a report by Jessica Damiano of the Associated Press.

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Words in This Story

stress –n. a state of tension or difficulty

thrive –v. to live well

trait –n. a quality that something has which makes it different from other things

adapt –v. to change to deal with new conditions or pressures

moisture –n. the amount of water present in something

vulnerable –adj. in danger of being hurt or damaged

absorb –v. to take in a liquid, such as water

root –n. the part of a plant or tree that is below the ground and that takes in nutrients from the soil

compost –n. organic material used to enrich soil and cover the ground for growing plants

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